CMAJ • August 4, 2009; 181 (3-4). First published July 20, 2009; doi:10.1503/cmaj.081629
© 2009 Canadian Medical Association or its licensors
All editorial matter in CMAJ represents the opinions of the authors and not necessarily those of the Canadian Medical Association.
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Trends in risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Canada: temporal, socio-demographic and geographic factors

Douglas S. Lee, MD PhD, Maria Chiu, MSc, Douglas G. Manuel, MD MSc, Karen Tu, MD MSc, Xuesong Wang, MSc, Peter C. Austin, PhD, Michelle Y. Mattern, PhD, Tezeta F. Mitiku, BSc, Lawrence W. Svenson, BGS, Wayne Putnam, MD, William M. Flanagan, BM, Jack V. Tu, MD PhD for the Canadian Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Team

From the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Lee, Chiu, Manuel, K. Tu, Wang, Austin, Mattern, Mitiku, J. Tu), Toronto, Ont.; the Division of Cardiology (Lee) and the Department of Family Medicine (K. Tu), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; the Institute of Medical Science (Chiu) and the Department of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Austin, J. Tu), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; the Department of Community Health and Epidemiology (Mitiku), Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont.; Alberta Health and Wellness (Svenson), Edmonton, Alta.; the School of Public Health (Svenson), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Community Health Services (Svenson), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; the Department of Family Medicine (Putnam), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Statistics Canada (Flanagan), Ottawa, Ont.; and the Department of Medicine (J. Tu), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.


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  		Table 1: Statistics Canada’s 4-group categorization of income adequacy

 

Figure 137
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  		Figure 1: Age- and sex-adjusted trends in heart disease from 1994 to 2005, stratified by income adequacy category.

 

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  		Table 2: Age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of risk factors for survey respondents aged 12 years and older, from 1994 to 2005

 

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  		Table 3: Prevalence of risk factors, by age categories, from 1994 to 2005 (part 1)

 

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  		Table 3: Prevalence of risk factors, by age categories, from 1994 to 2005 (part 2)

 

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  		Table 4: Percentage of survey respondents aged 12 years and older with 2 or more risk factors over time, by age and sex

 

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  		Table 5: Prevalence of heart disease and its risk factors by categories of income and body mass index (BMI)

 

Figure 237
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  		Figure 2: Age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, smoking and obesity from 1994 to 2005, stratified by income adequacy category.

 

Figure 337
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  		Figure 3: Trends in risk factors, by body mass index category.

 

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  		Table 6: Age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of risk factors, for participants aged 20 years and older, by province, from 1994 to 2005*

 

Figure 437
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  		Figure 4: Map of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Canada. Health regions for which data were available are shown according to the number of risk factors with a prevalence exceeding the national average by at least 10%.